Update: I replaced the power inductor with one that I reclaimed off of a dead BMS I had laying around, checked again for other visible issues with the caps and saw nothing obvious. I then put it back together and rode for about 7 miles, no issues. It was reading predictable percentages unlike before and coming down at an expected rate. I will continue riding and update again if it gets me stranded somewhere again.
(first time working on circuit boards, and boy was it tricky reclaiming that power inductor. Ended up getting it with a heat rework gun.)